Loading... rclone 是一款高效的文件同步、管理工具，支持 Windows、Mac OS、Linux 等主流操作系统。使用 rclone 可以实现本地数据与Google Drive、Onedrive、Dropbox等云盘同步，以达到数据备份的目的。本文详细介绍在 Ubuntu 18.04 上安装 rclone ，并使用 rclone 连接到 Google Drive 进行数据备份。注意，以下操作是在 root 账号下进行的，非 root 账号需提升到 root 权限。 安装 rclone --------- **安装依赖软件：** apt update && apt install curl unzip -y **安装 rclone：** curl https://rclone.org/install.sh | sudo bash 脚本之行完毕出现以下字样即说明 rclone 已成功安装： rclone v1.44 has successfully installed. Now run "rclone config" for setup. Check https://rclone.org/docs/ for more details. 配置 rclone --------- 输入以下命令开始配置 rclone 以连接到Google Drive（其他网盘类似）： rclone config 命令执行后会出现 rclone 配置向导，按照向导，一步一步进行配置： 2018/10/18 13:09:51 NOTICE: Config file "/root/.config/rclone/rclone.conf" not found - using defaults No remotes found - make a new one n) New remote s) Set configuration password q) Quit config n/s/q> n #输入n，新建一个remote name> google-drive #起个名字，这里以 google-drive 为例，后面同步文件时会用到 Type of storage to configure. Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default (""). Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / A stackable unification remote, which can appear to merge the contents of several remotes \ "union" 2 / Alias for a existing remote \ "alias" 3 / Amazon Drive \ "amazon cloud drive" 4 / Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Providers (AWS, Ceph, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio) \ "s3" 5 / Backblaze B2 \ "b2" 6 / Box \ "box" 7 / Cache a remote \ "cache" 8 / Dropbox \ "dropbox" 9 / Encrypt/Decrypt a remote \ "crypt" 10 / FTP Connection \ "ftp" 11 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive) \ "google cloud storage" 12 / Google Drive \ "drive" 13 / Hubic \ "hubic" 14 / JottaCloud \ "jottacloud" 15 / Local Disk \ "local" 16 / Mega \ "mega" 17 / Microsoft Azure Blob Storage \ "azureblob" 18 / Microsoft OneDrive \ "onedrive" 19 / OpenDrive \ "opendrive" 20 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH) \ "swift" 21 / Pcloud \ "pcloud" 22 / QingCloud Object Storage \ "qingstor" 23 / SSH/SFTP Connection \ "sftp" 24 / Webdav \ "webdav" 25 / Yandex Disk \ "yandex" 26 / http Connection \ "http" Storage> 12 #输入12，选择 Google Drive ** See help for drive backend at: https://rclone.org/drive/ ** Google Application Client Id Leave blank normally. Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default (""). client_id> #留空，直接回车 Google Application Client Secret Leave blank normally. Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default (""). client_secret> #留空，直接回车 Scope that rclone should use when requesting access from drive. Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default (""). Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Full access all files, excluding Application Data Folder. \ "drive" 2 / Read-only access to file metadata and file contents. \ "drive.readonly" / Access to files created by rclone only. 3 | These are visible in the drive website. | File authorization is revoked when the user deauthorizes the app. \ "drive.file" / Allows read and write access to the Application Data folder. 4 | This is not visible in the drive website. \ "drive.appfolder" / Allows read-only access to file metadata but 5 | does not allow any access to read or download file content. \ "drive.metadata.readonly" scope> 1 #这里选1，Full access ID of the root folder Leave blank normally. Fill in to access "Computers" folders. (see docs). Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default (""). root_folder_id> #留空，直接回车 Service Account Credentials JSON file path Leave blank normally. Needed only if you want use SA instead of interactive login. Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default (""). service_account_file> #留空，直接回车 Edit advanced config? (y/n) y) Yes n) No y/n> n #输入n，不进行高级配置 Remote config Use auto config? * Say Y if not sure * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine or Y didn't work y) Yes n) No y/n> n #输入n，不使用自动配置 #回车之后会出现一串网址，复制网址到电脑浏览器打开，登陆自己的谷歌账号，获得授权code，复制此code If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth?access_type=offline&client_id=202264815644.apps.googleusercontent.com&redirect_uri=urn%3Aietf%3Awg%3Aoauth%3A2.0%3Aoob&response_type=code&scope=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.googleapis.com%2Fauth%2Fdrive&state=3bnvsdf3514f98710fe9c9ef38770lkmxa Log in and authorize rclone for access Enter verification code> 4/fABXKI1n3Q6Go5k28QJWLgruilsmszhRf8w9bRRqFVihPb08lpddbw #粘贴code，回车 Configure this as a team drive? y) Yes n) No y/n> n #输入n，不配置为团队硬盘 -------------------- [google-drive] type = drive scope = drive token = {"access_token":"ya29.Gls6Bs6JkTo3HCfXKpeUv-Hg9uq9QXPZ-itJum2cv2xDAeUTUp15qAlh2FVrGtuDhpRyBp-6bx0dMPj","token_type":"Bearer","refresh_token":"1/4zPbnV-XGj3Ld_Rggr6E5_2mzSu5Cu4qkw_OZ8e-pgDulS78OZka","expiry":"2018-10-18T14:13:46.118120025Z"} -------------------- y) Yes this is OK e) Edit this remote d) Delete this remote y/e/d> y #输入y，确认 Current remotes: Name Type ==== ==== google-drive drive e) Edit existing remote n) New remote d) Delete remote r) Rename remote c) Copy remote s) Set configuration password q) Quit config e/n/d/r/c/s/q> q #输入q，退出配置 通过以上步骤 rclone 便配置好了，已经可以连接到 Google Drive 进行数据备份。 使用 rclone --------- **rclone 常用命令** - rclone config - 以控制会话的形式添加rclone的配置，配置保存在.rclone.conf文件中 - rclone copy - 将文件从源复制到目的地址，跳过已复制完成的 - rclone sync - 将源数据同步到目的地址，只更新目的地址的数据 - rclone move - 将源数据移动到目的地址 - rclone delete - 删除指定路径下的文件内容 - rclone purge - 清空指定路径下所有文件数据 - rclone mkdir - 创建一个新目录 - rclone rmdir - 删除空目录 - rclone check - 检查源和目的地址数据是否匹配 - rclone ls - 列出指定路径下所有的文件以及文件大小和路径 - rclone lsd - 列出指定路径下所有的目录/容器/桶 - rclone lsl - 列出指定路径下所有文件以及修改时间、文件大小和路径 - rclone md5sum - 为指定路径下的所有文件产生一个md5sum文件 - rclone sha1sum - 为指定路径下的所有文件产生一个sha1sum文件 - rclone size - 获取指定路径下，文件内容的总大小. - rclone version - 查看当前版本 - rclone cleanup - 清空remote - rclone dedupe - 交互式查找重复文件，进行删除/重命名操作 复制文件或目录到Google Drive -------------------- 复制的命令格式如下： rclone copy /path/to/local/copy remote_name:path/to/files 例如，将本地 /home/download 目录下的 timelate.zip 复制到 Google Drive 的 Sync/backup/ 目录下： rclone copy /home/download/timelate.zip google-drive:Sync/backup/ 例如，将本地 /home/download 目录下的movies目录复制到 Google Drive 的 Sync/backup/ 目录下： rclone copy /home/download/movies google-drive:Sync/backup/movies 同步文件到Google Drive ----------------- 同步的命令格式如下： rclone sync /path/to/local/sync remote_name:path/to/files 例如，将本地 /home/download/movies 目录下的文件同步到到 Google Drive 的 Sync/backup/movies 目录下： rclone sync /home/download/movies google-drive:Sync/backup/movies 命令执行后默认同时处理4个文件，如果目录下文件较多而你的服务器带宽很大，可以通过 --transfers=N 参数来指定同时处理的文件数，例如： rclone sync /home/download/movies google-drive:Sync/backup/movies --transfers=8 挂载 Google Drive --------------- **挂载远程目录到本地** 挂载的命令格式如下： rclone mount remote_name:path/to/files /path/to/local/mount 例如，将 Google Drive 的 Sync/Videos 目录挂载到本地的 /home/google-drive 目录： screen -S rclone #新建一个会话 rclone mount google-drive:Sync/Videos /home/google-drive --copy-links --no-gzip-encoding --no-check-certificate --allow-other --allow-non-empty --umask 000 Ctrl+A+D #退出会话 相关参数解释如下： - --copy-links - 显示软链接内容 - --no-gzip-encoding - 不使用 gzip-encoding - --no-check-certificate - 不验证ssl证书 - --allow-other - 允许其它用户访问 - --allow-non-empty - 允许挂载目录非空 - --umask 000 - 覆写文件掩码为 000 挂载完成后使用df -h命令查看挂载情况： root@timelate:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 797M 760K 797M 1% /run /dev/sda3 915G 859G 11G 99% / tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 189M 63M 113M 36% /boot tmpfs 797M 0 797M 0% /run/user/0 google-drive:Sync/Videos 1.0P 1.2T 1.0P 1% /home/google-drive 出现 google-drive:Sync/Videos 1.0P 1.2T 1.0P 1% /home/google-drive 即说明挂载成功。 **停止挂载** 一般情况下使用`Ctrl+C`便可停止挂载，如果停止失败，使用如下命令停止挂载： screen -r rclone #恢复会话 fusermount -qzu /home/google-drive #停止挂载 **配置服务开机自动挂载** 使用服务可以方便的管理 rclone 的挂载和卸载以及开机自动挂载，以下为服务脚本样例，供参考。 nano /etc/init.d/rcloned 复制以下内容并粘贴，保存后退出： #!/bin/bash PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin export PATH NAME_BIN="rclone" ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: rclone # Required-Start: $all # Required-Stop: $all # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: Start rclone at boot time # Description: Enable rclone by daemon. ### END INIT INFO NAME="google-drive" # rclone name 名，这里需与自己设置的 remote_name 相一致，本示例填写 google-drive REMOTE='Sync/Videos' #远程文件夹路径，本示例填写 Sync/Videos LOCAL='/home/google-drive' #挂载地址，本示例填写 /home/google-drive Green_font_prefix="\033[32m" && Red_font_prefix="\033[31m" && Green_background_prefix="\033[42;37m" && Red_background_prefix="\033[41;37m" && Font_color_suffix="\033[0m" Info="${Green_font_prefix}[信息]${Font_color_suffix}" Error="${Red_font_prefix}[错误]${Font_color_suffix}" RETVAL=0 check_running(){ PID="$(ps -C $NAME_BIN -o pid= |head -n1 |grep -o '[0-9]\{1,\}')" if [[ ! -z ${PID} ]]; then return 0 else return 1 fi } do_start(){ check_running if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then echo -e "${Info} $NAME_BIN (PID ${PID}) 正在运行..." && exit 0 else fusermount -zuq $LOCAL >/dev/null 2>&1 mkdir -p $LOCAL sudo /usr/bin/rclone mount $NAME:$REMOTE $LOCAL --copy-links --no-gzip-encoding --no-check-certificate --allow-other --allow-non-empty --umask 000 >/dev/null 2>&1 & sleep 2s check_running if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then echo -e "${Info} $NAME_BIN 启动成功 !" else echo -e "${Error} $NAME_BIN 启动失败 !" fi fi } do_stop(){ check_running if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then kill -9 ${PID} RETVAL=$? if [[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]]; then echo -e "${Info} $NAME_BIN 停止成功 !" else echo -e "${Error} $NAME_BIN 停止失败 !" fi else echo -e "${Info} $NAME_BIN 未运行" RETVAL=1 fi fusermount -zuq $LOCAL >/dev/null 2>&1 } do_status(){ check_running if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then echo -e "${Info} $NAME_BIN (PID $(echo ${PID})) 正在运行..." else echo -e "${Info} $NAME_BIN 未运行 !" RETVAL=1 fi } do_restart(){ do_stop do_start } case "$1" in start|stop|restart|status) do_$1 ;; *) echo "使用方法: $0 { start | stop | restart | status }" RETVAL=1 ;; esac exit $RETVAL 授予执行权限： chmod +x /etc/init.d/rcloned 初始化服务： update-rc.d -f rcloned defaults 使用如下命令启动挂载服务： /etc/init.d/rcloned start 使用如下命令停止挂载服务： /etc/init.d/rcloned stop 使用如下命令重启挂载服务： /etc/init.d/rcloned restart 使用如下命令查看服务状态： /etc/init.d/rcloned status Last modification：June 14, 2020 © Allow specification reprint Support Appreciate the author Like 如果觉得我的文章对你有用，请随意赞赏